Followed by bioinformatics analysis on the basis of a public database, the changed metabolic pathways can be further identified. With pattern recognition, 1H-NMR-based metabolome analysis screens differentially expressed metabolites between different samples. 1H NMR analysis is an ideal high throughput method to detect small-metabolites in biological samples. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum–based cellular metabolome analysis is a novel method to assist radiosensitization study in tumor radiation therapy. Therefore, the search for low-toxic and highly effective radiosensitization is an urgent need in tumor radiation therapy. Though a radiosensitizer is effective in increasing the effectiveness of radiation therapy for cancer, most radiosensitizers are chemotherapy drugs, with unavoidable toxicity for normal cells. Initially, radiosensitizers were used in radiation-resistant anaerobic cells in solid tumors, but this application has now extended to other cell types in cancers. As a comprehensively used reagent, a radiosensitizer can facilitate the sensitivity of cancer cells in response to radiation, which accordingly promotes the effects of therapy by increasing radiation-mediated cancer cell death. To this end, studies on radiosensitization are receiving more and more attention in radiobiology. It is therefore an urgent medical concern to protect the normal cells in addition to killing cancer cells as many as possible. In addition to killing cancer cells, radiation therapy also leads to damage of normal cells and tissues. Radiotherapy was administered to shrink tumor in advanced melanoma, or prevent tumor relapse after surgical treatment. Radiotherapy is one of the most important methods of cancer treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy. Ionizing radiation is the main cause of death for cancer cells in radiation therapy, but many cancers for example melanoma are not sensitive to radiation therapy, resulting in poor clinic effects. Taken together, with cellular metabolome study followed by bioinformatic analysis to profile specific metabolic pathways in response to radiation, we deepened our understanding of radiation-resistant mechanisms and radiation sensibilization in cancer, which may further provide a theoretical and practical basis for personalized cancer therapy. Enrichment analysis of metabolic pathway showed that the changes in metabolites were related to multiple metabolic pathways including the metabolism of glycine, arginine, taurine, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In radiated cells, the content of alanine, glutamate, glycine and choline was increased, while the content of leucine, lactate, creatine and creatine phosphate was decreased. Principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis indicated the difference in cellular metabolites between the untreated cells and X-ray radiated cells. In this study, using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance for untargeted metabolic profiling in radiation-tolerant mouse melanoma cell line B16, we comprehensively investigated changes in metabolites and metabolic network in B16 cells in response to radiation. In response to cellular stress, the metabolome is the integrated profiling of changes in all metabolites in cells, which can be used to investigate radiation tolerance mechanisms and identify targets for cancer radiation sensibilization. It is therefore necessary to establish an appropriate working model to study and monitor radiation-mediated cancer therapy. Radiation therapy can be an effective way to kill cancer cells using ionizing radiation, but some tumors are resistant to radiation therapy and the underlying mechanism still remains elusive.
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